Family in Night by Ellie Wiesel - 2312 Words

What does the word family mean to you? In my opinion, family means everything to me. It’s the people I knew since I was born, who I know I can turn to anytime needed. Everyone has their own definition of family, it can be positive, negative, or even both. In the world’s society everyone is born into a family, it can be a traditional, a un-blood related, or an extended family. No matter how well a family relationship can be there is no such thing as a perfect family. In many classic pieces of literature, many writers’ use themes of conflict between the children and their parents. It can be conflicts towards each other or conflicts the family experiences together. In many well know novels, many characters from tragic events of abuse, cruelty, and negligent events kept their courage to survive through terrible events. The story of â€Å"Ellen Foster† Kaye Gibbons takes a reader inside a story of young orphaned girl, who is passed down to every family until the she is able to find the perfect one she fit into. In the classic novel â€Å"Night† author Elie Wiesel writes a historical piece about a young boy’s experience in a concentration camp. Losing half of his family the young boy Eliezer has to fight with his father through suffering tactics from the Nazis. The classic play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, William Shakespeare writes a tragic piece about two young lovers being forced to disobey family orders to be with each other. In all three pieces of literature, the characters struggleShow MoreRelatedFather Son Relationship In The Novel Night831 Words   |  4 PagesDATE 22/5/17 TAKUDZWA CHIVAZVE TASK: CRITICAL READING TEACHER: BACH ANALYTICAL WRITING How does Wiesel position the reader to understand that the father-son relationship in the text is a strength? In the novel Night, Elie Wiesel is transparent and honest towards the audience about his father-son relationship experience in Auschwitz-Birkenau, one of Hitler’s concentration camps. Ellie Wiesel provides the reader with an insight of the incessantly instinctive unconditional loving bond of the father-sonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Submission By Amy Waldman913 Words   |  4 Pagesmemories for future generations to remember and learn from. Ellie Wiesel writes, â€Å"...I needed to give some meaning to my survival...I only know that without this testimony, my life as a writer—or my life, period—would not have become what it is: that of a witness who believes he has a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory† (Wiesel viii). Although Wiesel s Night is an autobiographical novel, authors can also createRead MoreNight654 Words   |  3 Pages| Night: By Eli Wiesel Essay Word Count:665 By: Carlos Guerrero Prof. Ted Johnston English 1301 TR 11:30 08 November 2014 We can know the end of the story just by knowing that Ellie Wiesel wrote the book. We know it because this book is about survival. Physically we know Ellie Wiesel survived the holocaust, but does any psychological or spiritual part of him died during the holocaust? Elie Wiesel wrote about all the horrible torture, brutality, degradation, lost, and inhumanitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Ellie Wiesel1867 Words   |  8 PagesEng2D1 Oct 10, 2014 ISU Log #1 Retell: The book Night written by Ellie Wiesel is an autobiography about his experiences during the holocaust in 1944. He is a survivor and was only 12 at the time. Ellie had three sisters named Hilda, Bea and Tzipora. His parents ran a store in Transylvania where Ellie spent most of his childhood in. Ellie s mentor who everyone referred to as Moishe the Beadle is poor men who taught and helped Ellie study the cabbala. Early in the war, Moishe was expelledRead MoreNight by Ellie Wiesel617 Words   |  2 PagesNight is a story that reveals some of the worst of the human race. It is a re-telling of a young Jewish boy, Ellie Wiesel, coming of age in the midst of the Holocaust. The book is quite short and very clearly written, but it is still a very hard book to read. The young boy who is also the author of the book makes us, the readers, accompany him through many in-human and near-death experiences. These are written in such detail that anybody taking the time to read the book will be left w ith an in-depthRead MoreElie Wiesel Reflection991 Words   |  4 Pagesby the name of Elie Wiesel was involved with the horror of the Holocaust. After surviving the traumatic incidents of the Holocaust, Elie Wiesel wrote a book called, â€Å"Night†. In his book he details his experiences in what took place in the concentration camps, as well as, many other daunting memories. Before Elie went to the concentration camp, Auschwitz, he had many personality traits that made him who he was, such as being recollected, gretty, and caring. In the book â€Å"Night†, on page 34 it statesRead MoreLoss of Faith and Religion in Ellie Wiesel’s Night1386 Words   |  6 Pagesterrible proceedings of the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel is a Jewish survivor of the Nazi death camps, and suffers a relentless â€Å"night† of terror and torture in which humans were treated as animals. Wiesel discovers the â€Å"Kingdom of Night† (118), in which the history of the Jewish people is altered. This is Wiesel’s â€Å"dark time of life† and through his journey into night he can’t see the â€Å"light† at the end of the tunnel, only continuous dread and darkness. Night is a memoir that is written in the styleRead MoreNight And To Kill A Mockingbird1948 Words   |  8 Pageshas lost them† (qtd. in â€Å"William Godwin Quotesà ¢â‚¬ ). Both To Kill a Mockingbird and Night involve the main characters losing their innocence after being exposed to prejudice and racism, major themes in both books. Elie Wiesel published Night, twelve years after the Holocaust, in 1960. This book, a memoir of the Holocaust, was written from the author’s point of view after their experiences in the horrific time. In Night, Elie, a young boy, loses his innocence after staying in several concentration campsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Night 1265 Words   |  6 PagesAdrian Tineo Peacock 274 25 Sept. 2015 Night The novel â€Å"Night† is a vivid representation of a man’s loss of faith from the beginning to the end of the catastrophic era in which this book takes place. As a young boy Elie’s inquisitive mind directed him to the synagogue where he would study the Kabbalah’s revelations and mysteries. Here is where â€Å"Moishe the beadle,† a friend to Elie, would sit with him in the synagogue and they would talk for hours about the intriguing secrets of Jewish mysticismRead MoreThe Holocaust Described in Night by Ellie Wiesel Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages Who was Elie Wiesel? Elie Wiesel is a famous Holocaust survivor, a political activist, professor, and a novelist. He is the recipient of many different accomplishments and achievements throughout his life. He is most known for his novel Night, which is about his survival during the Holocaust. Elie was born on September 30, 1928; he lived in Sighet, Transylvania that is now present-day Romania. When Ellie was 15 he was transferred to Auschwitz along with his younger sister, his mom, and

Measures Of Emotional And Behavioral Functioning Resentation Coursework

Essays on Measures Of Emotional And Behavioral Functioning Resentation Coursework Running Head: EMOTION AND BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONING Measures of Emotional and Behavioral Functioning.Name:Course:Institution:Measures of Emotional and Behavioral Functioning. Each person or generation has a specific and unique character. A person may be respectful, hot-tempered or benevolent. The middle-aged in a certain generation may be deemed responsible. Such judgments can only be made if there is an accurate and an objective way to measure personality. Different personality tests have been developed to offer a description of an individual’s character. The measures have focused on behavioral and emotional functioning. The measures include objective personality tests, projective techniques test and measures of interests and attitudes (Andrews, Robinson, Wrightsman, 1991). The personality tests and measures of interests and attitudes are combined to shed light on an individual psychology. Moreover, they are vital in illustrating the personal and social aspect that affects how a person thinks and perceive the world around them.Objective personality test is more preferred by psychologist as it is deemed more accurate and reliable. It is an assessment that allows limited responses and use an ordinal scales rating or true/false questions (Costa Jr McCrae, 1978). Furthermore, extensive test validity is done to ensure that the respondent gives truthful answers. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is one of the highly regarded objective personality test (Graham, 1990). The objective personality test has a wide application in the workplace and clinical setting.In contrast, projective techniques are personality test in which a person offers responses to colors, patterns or images (Cattell, 1973). The intention is to uncover unconscious desires that may be hidden from conscious awareness. The responses may be used to predict the future behavior of a person. Examples include The Rorschach inkblot that is very effective in treating distorted thinking illness and The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).Measures of interest and attitudes are used to determine a person’s interests. Moreover, they inform the researcher about persons understanding, opinion and feeling attached to certain ideas, object or places (Hogan, 2007). However, personality tests are used to determine personality features and seek underlying causes of psychological issues. Moreover, the overall personality of a person is determined by attitudes and interest.In conclusion, an individual psychology can be inferred from a combination of measures of personality, attitudes, and interests. The measures have enabled the psychologists to understand individual’s perspective and their view on the world. It is worthy to note that the combination of personality, attitudes and interests will inform us about a person’s behavior. As seen above, the personality test gives variables that a person has less control over as compared to attitude tests.ReferencesA ndrews, F. M., Robinson, J. P., Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (Vol. 1). Gulf Professional Publishing.Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.Costa Jr, P. T., McCrae, R. R. (1978). Objective personality assessment. Springer.Cattell, R. B. (1973). Personality and mood by questionnaire. Jossey-Bass.Graham, J. R. (1990). MMPI-2: Assessing personality and psychopathology. Oxford University Press New York.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 23~25 Free Essays

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Clair Stirs a Brainstorm For all his admiration for the field biologists he’d worked with over the years, secretly Clay harbored one tiny bit of ego-preserving superiority over them: At the end of the day, they were going to have only nicked the surface of the knowledge they were trying to attain, but if Clay got the pictures, he went home a satisfied man. Even around Nathan Quinn he’d exercised an attitude of rascally smugness, teasing about his friend’s ongoing frustration. For Clay it was get the pictures and what’s for dinner? Until now. We will write a custom essay sample on Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 23~25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now he had his own mysteries to contend with, and he couldn’t help but think that the powers of irony were flexing their muscles to get back at him for his having lived carefree for so long. Kona, on the other hand, had long paid homage to his fear of irony by, like many surfers, never eating shark meat. â€Å"I don’t eat them, they don’t eat me. That’s just how it work.† But now he, too, was feeling the sawtoothed edge of irony’s bite, for, having spent most of his time from the age of thirteen knocking the edge off his mental acuity by the concerted application of the most epic smokage that Jah could provide (thanks be unto Him), he was now being called upon to think and remember with a sharpness that was clearly painful. â€Å"Think,† said Clair, rapping the surfer in the forehead with the spoon she had only seconds earlier used to stir honey into a cup of calming herbal tea. â€Å"Ouch,† said Kona. â€Å"Hey, that’s uncalled for,† said Clay, coming to Kona’s aid. Loyalty being important to him. â€Å"Shut up. You’re next.† â€Å"Okay.† They were gathered around Clay’s giant monitor, which, for all the good it was doing them, could have been a giant monitor lizard. A spectrogram of whale song from Quinn’s computer was splashed across the screen, and for the information they were getting from it, it might have been the aftermath of a paint-ball war, which is what it looked like. â€Å"What were they doing, Kona?† Clair asked, spoon – steaming with herbal calmness – poised to strike. As a teacher of fourth-graders in a public school, where corporal punishment was not allowed, she had years of violence stored up and was, truth be told, sort of enjoying letting it out on Kona, who she felt could have been the poster child for the failure of public education. â€Å"Nate and Amy both went through this with you. Now you have to remember what they said.† â€Å"It’s not these things, it’s the oscilloscope,† Kona said. â€Å"Nate pulled out just the submarine stuff and put it on the spectrum.† â€Å"It’s all submarine,† Clay said. â€Å"You mean subsonic.† â€Å"Yeah. He said there was something in there. I said like computer language. Ones and ohs.† â€Å"That doesn’t help.† â€Å"He was marking them out by hand,† Kona said. â€Å"By freezing the green line, then measuring the peaks and troughs. He said that the signal could carry a lot more information that way, but the whales would have to have oscilloscopes and computers to do it.† Clay and Clair both turned to the surfer in amazement. â€Å"And they don’t,† Kona said. â€Å"Duh.† It was as if a storm of coherence had come over him. They just stared. Kona shrugged. â€Å"Just don’t hit me with the spoon again.† Clay pushed his chair back to let the surfer at the keyboard. â€Å"Show me.† Late into the night the three of them worked, making little marks on printouts of the oscilloscope and recording them on yellow legal pads. Ones and ohs. Clair went to bed at 2:00 A.M. At 3:00 A.M. they had fifty handwritten legal-pad pages of ones and ohs. In another time this might have felt to Clay like a job well done. He’d helped analyze data on shipboard before. It killed some time and ingratiated him to whatever scientist was leading the project he was there to photograph, but he’d always been able to hand off the work for someone else to finish. It was slowly dawning on him: Being a scientist sucked. â€Å"This sucks,† said Kona. â€Å"No it doesn’t. Look at all we have,† said Clay, gesturing to all they had. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"It’s a lot, that’s what it is. Look at all of it.† â€Å"What’s it mean?† â€Å"No idea.† â€Å"What does this have to do with Nate and the Snowy Biscuit?† â€Å"Just look at all of this,† said Clay, looking at all of it. Kona got up from his chair and rolled his shoulders. â€Å"Mon, Bwana Clay, Jah has given you a big heart. I’m goin’ to bed.† â€Å"What are you saying?† Clay said. â€Å"We got all the heart we need, brah. We need head.† † ‘Scuse me?† And so, in the morning, with the promise of a colossal piece of information for barter (the torpedo range) but without a true indication of what he really needed to know in return (everything else), Clay talked Libby Quinn into coming to Papa Lani. â€Å"So let me get this straight,† said Libby Quinn as she paced from Clay’s computer to the kitchen and back. Kona and Clay were standing to the side, following her movement like dogs watching meatball tennis. â€Å"You’ve got an old woman who claims that a whale called her and instructed her to have Nate take him a pastrami sandwich?† â€Å"On rye, with Swiss and hot mustard,† Kona added, not wanting her to miss any pertinent scientific details. â€Å"And you have a recording of voices, underwater, presumably military, asking if someone brought them a sandwich.† â€Å"Correct,† said Kona, â€Å"No bread, or meat, or cheese, specified.† Libby glared at him. â€Å"And you have the navy setting off simulated explosions in preparation to put a torpedo range in the middle of the Humpback Whale Sanctuary.† She paused meaningfully and pivoted thoughtfully – like Hercule Poirot in flip-flops. â€Å"You have a tape of Amy doing a breath-hold dive for what appears to be an hour, with no ill effects.† â€Å"Topless,† Kona added. Science. â€Å"You have Amy claiming that Nate was eaten by a whale, which we all know is simply not possible, given the diameter of the humpback’s throat, even if one were inclined to bite him, which we know they wouldn’t.† (She was just a deerstalker, a calabash, and a cocaine habit short of being Sherlock Holmes here.) â€Å"Then you have Amy taking a kayak out for no apparent reason and disappearing, presumed drowned. And you say that Nate was working on finding binary in the lower registers of the whale song, and you think that means something? Have I got that right?† â€Å"Yeah,† said Clay. â€Å"But you have the break-in to our offices to get the sound tapes, and you have my boat being sunk, too. Okay, it sounded more connected when we were talking about it last night.† Libby Quinn stopped pacing and turned to look at both of them. She wore cargo shorts, tech sandals, and a running bra and appeared ready at any moment to just take off and do something outdoorsy and strenuous. They both looked down, subdued, as if they were still under the threat of Clair’s deadly spoon of calm. Clay had always had a secret attraction to Libby, even while she’d been married to Quinn, and it was only within the last year or so he’d been able to make eye contact with her at all. Kona, on the other hand, had studied dozens of videotapes on the lesbian lifestyle, especially as it pertained to having a third party show up in the middle of an intimate moment (usually with a pizza), so he had long ago assigned a ;hot; rating to Libby, despite the fact that she was twice his age. â€Å"Help us,† Kona said, trying to sound pathetic, staring at the floor. â€Å"This is what you guys have, and you think because I know a little biology I can make something of all this?† â€Å"And that,† said Clay, pointing at the now arranged and collated pages of ones and ohs on his desk. Libby walked over and flipped through the pages. â€Å"Clay, this is nothing. I can’t do anything with this. Even if Nate was on to something, what do you think? That even if we recognize a pattern, it’s going to mean something to us? Look, Clay, I loved Nate, too, you know I did, but –  » â€Å"Just tell us where to start,† Kona said. â€Å"And tell me if you see anything in this.† Clay went to his computer and hit a key. A still of the edge view of the whale tail from his rebreather dive was on the screen. â€Å"Nate said that he had seen some markings on a whale tail, Libby. Some writing. Well, I thought there was something on this whale, too, before it knocked me out. But this is the best shot of the tail we have. It could mean something.† â€Å"Like what?† Her voice was kind. â€Å"I don’t know what, Libby. If I knew what, I wouldn’t have called you. But there’s too much weird stuff going on that almost fits together, and we don’t know what to do.† Libby studied the tail still. â€Å"There is something there. You don’t have a better shot?† â€Å"No, this is something I do know about. This is the best I have.† â€Å"You know, Margaret and I were helping a guy from Texas A.M who was designing a software program that would shift perspective of tail shots, so edge and bad-angle views could be shifted and extrapolated into usable ID photos. You know how many get tossed because of bad angles?† â€Å"You have this program?† â€Å"Yes, it’s still in beta tests, but it works. I think we can shift this shot, and if there’s something meaningful there, we’ll see it.† â€Å"Cool runnings,† Kona said. â€Å"As far as this binary thing, I think it’s a shot in the dark, but if it’s going to mean anything, you’re going to have to get your ones and ohs in the computer. Kona, can you type?† â€Å"Well, on ones and ohs? I shred most masterful, mon.† â€Å"Right. I’ll set you up with a simple text file – just ones and ohs – and we’ll figure out if we can do anything with it later. No mistakes, okay?† Kona nodded. Clay finally looked up and smiled. â€Å"Thanks, Libby.† â€Å"I’m not saying it’s anything, Clay, but I wasn’t exactly fair to Nate when he was around. Maybe I owe him one now that he’s gone. Besides, it’s windy. Fieldwork would have sucked today. I’m going to call Margaret, have her bring the program over. I’ll help you if you promise that you’ll put all your weight into stopping this torpedo range and you’ll sign Maui Whale on to the petition against low-frequency active sonar. You guys have a problem with that?† She was giving them the â€Å"spoon of death† look, and it occurred to both of them that this might be something that was innate to all women, not just Clair, and that they should be very, very afraid. â€Å"Nope,† said Kona. â€Å"Sounds good to me. I’ll put on a pot of coffee,† said Clay. â€Å"Margaret is absolutely going to shit when she hears about the torpedo range,† said Libby Quinn as she reached for Clay’s phone. CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR Orientation to the Blues A small explosion went off over his head, and Nate dove under the table. When he looked up, Emily 7 was bent over staring at him with her watery whale eyes and a mild expression of distress, and Nu;ez was crouched at the other end of the table smiling. â€Å"That was the blow, Nate,† Nu;ez said. â€Å"A little more intense than the humpback’s, huh? These ships act like real whales, remember. The blowhole is right above our heads. Vented to the rest of the ship, but, you know, every twenty minutes or so it’s going to go. You get used to it.† â€Å"Sure, I knew that,† said Nate, crawling out from under the table. He’d been out off of Santa Cruz searching for the blues. You usually found them by the sound of their blows, which you could hear up to a mile and a half away. He looked up, expecting to see sky through the blowhole, but instead he saw just more smooth whaleskin. â€Å"They behave like whales, but the physiology is completely different to allow for the living quarters. I don’t really understand it, but for instance the blowhole is vented down the sides somewhere to some axillary lungs that do the oxygen exchange with the blood. I don’t know how they got us electricity at all. I mean, I said I wanted a coffeepot, and they put in an outlet. There are circuits all over the bridge for our machinery. The other bodily functions seem to be handled by smaller versions of liver, kidneys, and so forth around the outside of the cabins. The main spine runs over the top of the ship. There’s no digestive system. The ship’s digestive system is at the base; it hooks up and pumps nutrient-rich blood into the ship, which stores enough energy in blubber to run it for six months at sea, or around the world at least once. We can cruise at twenty knots as long as no one is watching.† â€Å"What do you mean, ‘no one is watching’?† â€Å"I mean you guys. Biologists. If one of you guys is watching us, we have to slow it down after a couple of hours. Especially if we’re tagged.† â€Å"This ship has been satellite-tagged? What do you do?† â€Å"We go to silent running for a while. Then we dive, and one of the whaley boys goes outside and pulls the tag off. We’ve been tagged twice by that Bruce Mate guy from Oregon State. That guy’s a menace. Probably has a satellite tag on his wife to track her trips to the can. If they’d asked me, he’d be the one riding with us now.† â€Å"You know who he is?† Nate was aghast. As a scientist, you were always fighting being overwhelmed by what you don’t know, but the magnitude of this whole operation – it was too much. â€Å"Of course. Since commercial whaling backed off, cetacean biologists have been the main focus of our intelligence program. Why do you think you’re here?† â€Å"Okay, why am I here?† â€Å"I don’t know the whole story, but it’s something to do with the song. Evidently you were a little too close to finding our signal in the song, so they yanked you.† â€Å"The aliens were that interested in what I was doing?† â€Å"What aliens?† â€Å"These aliens,† Nate said, nodding toward the pilots and Bernard and Emily 7, who had moved to another table on the other side of the corridor. â€Å"The whaley boys aren’t aliens. Who told you that?† â€Å"Well, Poynter and Poe implied that they were.† â€Å"Those jerks. No, they’re not aliens. They’re a little weird, but not from-another-planet weird.† Bernard looked up from what appeared to be a chart of some sort and gave a half-assed signature raspberry. â€Å"They do that a lot,† Nate said. â€Å"If you had a tongue four inches wide, you’d do that a lot, too. It’s sort of a display move with them, like the penis waving that Bernard was doing.† â€Å"Like male killer whales do.† â€Å"Bingo. See, a guy with your background, this is easy to explain. I didn’t understand squat at first.† â€Å"I’m sorry, but I can’t believe that this ship, the whaley boys, the whole perfection of the way they work, could possibly be products of natural selection. There had to be a design. Someone made all this.† Cielle nodded, smiling. â€Å"I’ve known a number of scientists in my lifetime, Nate, but I’m sure this is the first time I’ve heard one arguing in favor of a grand designer. What’s that called, the ‘watchmaker argument’?† She was right, of course. It was an accepted premise that intelligent design in nature was not necessarily a product of intelligence, but merely the mechanism of natural selection of traits for survival and really, really long periods of time for the selections to assert themselves. Nate’s life’s work had been built on that assumption, but now he was giving Darwin the old heave-ho simply because his – Nate’s – mind was too small to adapt to the idea of this craft. Well, yes, damn it. Screw Darwin. This was too strange. â€Å"I’m sorry, I’m just having a little trouble getting my head around this. I don’t know how you take to being a prisoner, but I don’t care for it. On top of that, I could barely sleep on the humpback with the blow going off every few minutes, and I haven’t eaten anything but raw fish and water for about five days. I’d be addled even if this didn’t seem impossible.† Bernard made a whimpering noise, and Skippy and Scooter followed along in a moment until they sounded like a basketful of hungry puppies, and then they all broke out into wheezing snickers. Emily 7 frowned at them. â€Å"Of course, I understand, Nate,† Nu;ez said. â€Å"Maybe you should finish up your coffee and go to your quarters. I have a few sports shakes in my cabin that will get some carbohydrates to your brain, and I can get you something to help you sleep – the ship’s doctor has a full stock of Pharmaceuticals.† She patted his hand maternally. Nate felt a little ashamed for having complained. â€Å"You’re not the only human on this ship, then?† â€Å"No, there are four humans and six whaley boys on board. The others are in their quarters. But they’re all excited to meet you. Everyone’s been talking about it for weeks.† â€Å"You’ve known for weeks you were going to take me?† â€Å"Well, sort of. We were on standby. We just got the go-ahead the day before we took you.† â€Å"And you, and the rest of the crew, you’re prisoners, too?† â€Å"Nate, every person on this ship, on any whale ship, has been pulled out of a sinking or sunken ship, a plane crash at sea, or some other disaster that would have killed them. This is a gift of time, and frankly, once you accept where you are and what you’re doing, I’m going to ask you where you’d rather be. Okay?† Nate searched her face for any sign of sarcasm or malice. All he found was a gentle smile. â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"You go to your quarters now. I’ll send around your supplies in a bit. Bernard, would you show Dr. Quinn to his quarters?† â€Å"I’m not really a doctor,† Nate whispered. â€Å"Take whatever respect you can get from them, Nate.† Bernard waited at the entry to the corridor, rubbing his shiny-smooth stomach and grinning. A white coffee mug stood out in contrast against Bernard’s abdomen, suspended as it was in the grasp of his penis. â€Å"I’ve always wanted to do that,† said Nate, deciding that he wasn’t going to let the whaley boy get the satisfaction of intimidating him. â€Å"Would be really handy for driving.† Nate bowed toward the corridor. â€Å"Lead on, Bernard.† Bernard skulked down the hall in what would have been a full pout posture, had he any lips to do the actual pouting. He spilled a trail of coffee along the way. CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE The Inner Secrets of Cetacean Sluts Nate was just settling into the idea of the organic bunk he was going to be sleeping on before actually settling into the bed. He was not a God kind of guy, but he found himself thanking one nonetheless for the crisp cotton sheets and pillowcase on a feather pillow. He didn’t think he really wanted to sleep with his face against whaleskin. There was a soft whistle outside the portal, and the great flap of skin retracted to open to the corridor. Emily 7 stood there with a tray that held two cans of protein shake, a glass of water, and a single small pill. She grinned but did not try to step into the cabin. The small portal required a bit of a crouching and climbing action for Nate to enter, so he guessed she’d dump the tray trying to get through. Then again, she might just be trying to be polite. She waited while Nate took the cans from the tray and set them on the low table, then swung around to take the pill and water from her. Emily 7 whistled and gave him a sidelong glance, causing her right eye to bulge out at him, as he’d actually seen humpbacks do when checking out a boat at the surface. She gestured for him to take the pill. â€Å"You’re not leaving until you see me take my medicine?† Emily 7 nodded. â€Å"Well, I guess if you guys wanted to get rid of me, it would have been a lot easier to kill me without bringing me all the way out here to poison me.† Nate took the pill, downed the water, and opened his mouth to show that the pill was gone. â€Å"That okay, nurse?† Emily whistled and nodded, then gently took the empty glass from Nate’s hand. She reached up to hit the node, and the portal closed between them. Nate heard her whistle the first few bars of a lullaby. She’s sweet, Nate thought, in a tall, malevolent rubber-puppet sort of way. For almost a week the only sleep Nate had been able to get was while he was restrained in the chair in the humpback, and even then it was restless – with the ship blowing every few minutes and the whaley boys whistling communications – so, despite the blow of the blue-whale ship, he fell into a deep sleep filled with vivid dreams. He dreamed of himself and Amy, their naked bodies entwined, slick with sweat under soft candlelight. Strangely, even as he dreamed, he had the semilucid thought that before, whenever he’d taken a sleeping pill, he didn’t remember ever dreaming. But that thought was pushed away by the feel of Amy’s smooth skin, his fingers softly caressing her muscular legs, her four long, webbed fingers wrapped lovingly around his – â€Å"Hey!† Nate opened his eyes. A softly lit fence of spiky teeth smiled over at him, steamy fish breath washed over his face. â€Å"Uh-oh,† said Emily 7, her voice high and rasping, verging on duck-speak. Nate leaped out of bed and bounced off the wall on the other side of the cabin. Emily 7 pulled the sheet up over her head and burrowed against the wall, digging her melon under the pillow. Then she lay still. Nate stood trying to catch his breath. As soon as he’d hit the floor, the biolighting had come up to high. He pushed back against the flexible wall, then suddenly became self-conscious and pulled his T-shirt off the back of the chair to cover his erection, which was rapidly losing its will to live. She was just lying there. â€Å"Hello? I can see you.† Curled up. Not moving. There under the sheets. All whaley. â€Å"You aren’t fooling anyone. You’re bigger than I am. You’re not hidden.† Just the soft sound of her blowhole opening and closing. Nate realized that it might be easier to hide under the covers if one had a blowhole, as one could cover one’s mouth and face and still breathe. Addled by sleep deprivation, residual sleep medication, two cups of coffee, and now a few endorphins, he started to speculate on how a creature might adapt for hiding under the covers, then shook off the biologist rising up in him. â€Å"Come on, we’re different species and stuff. That’s creepy.† Now a bit of a squeak, more like a whimper, followed by a tiny â€Å"Uh-oh,† like a small elf had been mashed under the covers with a heavy book and had uh-ohed its last pathetic gasp. â€Å"Well, you can’t stay here.† He remembered how he’d felt when Libby had left him and by way of explanation she’d said, â€Å"Nate, I don’t know, I don’t even feel like we’re the same species.† At the time he’d felt as if his stomach were being turned inside out. It had ruined him socially for more than a year. Longer than that if he counted the fiasco attraction to Amy. He stepped over to the bunk. Emily 7 scrunched into the corner between the wall and the bed. Nate worked the edge of the sheet loose and cautiously slid one leg under the covers. The lump that was Emily 7’s head moved as if she was listening. â€Å"You have to stay on your side, okay?† â€Å"Okay,† wheezed Emily 7 in the mashed-elf voice. Nate awoke to the exhultations of killer whales – high-pitched hunting calls. The pod seemed to be gleefully celebrating a hunt, or at least calling another pod to come along and help. It occurred to him that he was actually riding in a craft that qualified as food for the orcas, and the ship might be in danger of attack. He’d have to ask Nuà ±ez about that. He swung his feet off the bunk, and the lights came up. He realized that he was alone and sighed with relief. There was a fresh set of khakis hung over the chair and a bottle of water on the table. There was a small basin on the wall opposite the bunk, no bigger than a cereal bowl and made out of the same skin as the rest of the ship. He hadn’t even noticed it the night before. There were three lit nodules above the basin, like those used to activate the portals, but Nate could see nowhere for the water to come out. He pushed one of the nodules, and the basin started filling from a sphincter in the bottom. He pushed another, and the water was sucked out the same orifice. He tried to foster scientific detachment toward the whole thing but failed miserably: He was creeped out. Nate desperately needed a shave and a shower, but he didn’t want to try to wash his whole six-foot-two-inch body in an eight-inch bowl with a†¦ well, a butt hole at the bottom. He’d had just about enough of advanced poop-chute technology, thank you. He splashed some water on his face and dressed in the khakis, wondering as he did if the whale ship could actually grow a mirror for him to shave in if he needed it. The whole crew appeared to be up and milling about the bridge when Nate came in. There were four whaley boys at the table with the charts to the right of the hatch, the two pilots at their consoles. Nuà ±ez stood by the table to the left of the hatch, where there were seated a blond woman in her thirties and two men, one dark, perhaps in his early twenties, and one bald and gray-bearded, a healthy fifty, maybe. Not a very military-looking bunch. Everyone turned when Nate came in. All conversations – words or whistles – stopped abruptly. The echo of killer-whale calls bounced around the bridge. Emily 7 turned away from Nate’s gaze. Nuà ±ez was leaning against the wall near the nook that housed the coffeepot, actively trying not to look at him. â€Å"Hi,† Nate said, catching eye contact with the bald guy, who smiled. â€Å"Have a seat,† said the bald guy, gesturing toward the empty seat at the table. â€Å"We’ll get you something to eat. I’m Cal Burdick.† He shook Nate’s hand. â€Å"This is Jane Palovsky and Tim Milam.† â€Å"Jane, Tim,† Nate said, shaking hands. Nuà ±ez smiled at him, then looked away quickly as if the coffeepot needed some immediate attention or she was going to crack up – or both. Everyone at the table nodded, sort of staring at the spot in front of them, like So here we are on a giant blue-whale ship, hundreds of feet below the surface of the ocean, with killer whales calling about us, and Nate fucked an alien, so†¦ â€Å"Nothing happened,† Nate said to the whole bridge. â€Å"What?† said Jane. â€Å"Your quarters satisfactory, then?† asked Tim, an eyebrow raised. â€Å"Nothing happened,† Nate repeated, and even though nothing had happened, from the tone of his voice he wouldn’t have believed it either. â€Å"Really.† â€Å"Of course,† said Tim. All of the whaley boys except Emily 7 were snickering. When he looked around, all the males were waving their willies back and forth in time in the air, as if swaying to a pornographic Christmas carol. Emily 7 put her big whaley head down on the table and covered it with her arms. â€Å"Nothing happened!† Nate shouted at them. Silence again on the bridge, just the echo of killer-whale calls. â€Å"Are we in danger?† Nate asked Nuà ±ez, trying desperately to change the subject. â€Å"Are they going to attack the ship? Those are feeding calls, right?† Often, when killer whales found a whale that was too big to be taken by their family pod, or when they happened on to an especially rich school of fish, they would call to other pods for help. Nate recognized the calls from some work he’d done with a biologist friend in Vancouver. â€Å"No, these are residents,† Nuà ±ez said. â€Å"They’re just excited about a bait ball they’ve found. Probably sardines.† Resident killer whales ate only fish; transients ate mammals, whales and seals. Over the last few years scientists tended to refer to them as completely different species, even though they appeared the same to the layman. â€Å"You know what they are by their call?† â€Å"More than that,† Cal said, â€Å"we know what they’re saying. The whaley boys can translate.† â€Å"All killer whales are named Kevin. You knew that, right?† said Jane. She had a slight Eastern European accent, Russian maybe. She looked a little amused, her blue eyes dark under the yellow cast of the bioluminescence, but she didn’t appear to be joking. She patted the seat next to her, indicating that Nate should sit down. â€Å"Like all the pilots are named Scooter and Skippy?† Nate said. â€Å"Actually, they have numbers like Emily – their choice, by the way – but since there are never more than one pair of them on a ship, we don’t bother with the numbers.† Nate suddenly realize that in all his time on both of the whale ships, except when one of the pilots had gone outside to catch fish, the pilots always seemed to be at the controls. â€Å"Don’t they ever sleep?† â€Å"Sure,† said Jane. â€Å"We’re pretty sure they sleep with half their brain at a time, like whales, so between two of them the ship always has a full pilot. Without one of them at the controls, it’s basically a big lump of meat.† â€Å"You said that you’re pretty sure. You don’t know?† â€Å"Well, they don’t know for sure,† said Jane, â€Å"and they’re not very excited about our doing experiments on them. Now that you’ve joined us, though, maybe you’ll be able to figure out what’s going on with them. We sort of play it all by ear. The whaley boys and the Colonel run things. Cielle, you didn’t tell him all this?† â€Å"He was pretty beat,† Nu;ez said. â€Å"I tried to get him settled in as soon as I could.† Nate wanted to protest the â€Å"settled in† comment. After all, he was a prisoner here, but these people didn’t behave at all like captors. They immediately impressed him as having the same dynamic that he’d seen in research teams, a â€Å"we’re all in this together, let’s make the best of it† attitude. He didn’t want to yell at these people. Still, it made him a little uncomfortable that she was so forthcoming with information. When your kidnappers showed you their faces, they were giving you the message that you weren’t going home. Nu;ez set a plate down in front of him. It had a salad of mixed seaweeds, carrots, and mushrooms, a piece of cooked fish, which looked like halibut, and what appeared to be rice. â€Å"Eat up,† she said. â€Å"A couple of nutrition drinks aren’t going to get you back up to speed. We do eat a lot of raw fish, even on the blue, but you need some carbs until you adjust to this diet. There’s plenty of rice when you finish that.† â€Å"Thanks.† Nate dug in while the others, all but Cal, excused themselves to work in other parts of the ship. The older man had obviously been charged with Nate’s second orientation lecture. Cal scratched his beard, looked around at the pilots, then leaned over to Nate and spoke in a lowered voice. â€Å"They’re very promiscuous. You know how dolphin females will mate with all the males in the pod so no one can be assured of who the father of her calf is? They think it keeps the males from murdering her calf when it’s born.† â€Å"That’s the theory,† Nate said. â€Å"They’re sort of like that, and back at base you have a big pod to deal with. You start down that path†¦ well, you’ve got a lot of whaley boys to sex up.† â€Å"I didn’t sex her up,† Nate hissed, spraying rice out over the table. â€Å"I’m not sexing up any whaley boys†¦ er, girls – ; â€Å"Whatever. Look, they’re very close. Here on the ship they don’t have separate quarters – they share one big cabin. Sex is very casual with them, but they understand that we’re a little more hung up about it. Some of them seem to affect human shyness. We generally don’t mix sexually with them. It’s not forbidden, but it’s†¦ you know, frowned upon. It’s only natural for a guy to be curious –  » Nate put down his fork. â€Å"Cal, I did not have sex with anyone – I mean, anything.† â€Å"Right. And be careful around the males. Especially if you’re in the water with them. They’ll bung-hole you just to watch you twitch.† â€Å"Jeez.† â€Å"I’m just telling you for your own good.† â€Å"Thanks, but I’m not going to be around long enough to worry about it.† Might as well throw it in their faces, Nate thought. The older man laughed, almost shooting coffee out his nose. When he recovered, he said, â€Å"Well, I hope you mean you plan on dying soon, because no one ever leaves.† Nate leaned into Cal’s face. â€Å"Doesn’t it bother you, that you’re a prisoner?† â€Å"There’s not one of us here who wouldn’t be dead if the whaley boys hadn’t picked us up.† â€Å"Not me.† â€Å"Especially you. You were always twelve hours from dead since we started watching you. Certainly it had to occur to you how much easier it would have been just to kill you?† Nate just stared for a second. Actually, it had occurred to him, and he didn’t see the logic in keeping him alive if all they wanted to do was stop his research. He wasn’t going to make that argument verbally, but still†¦ â€Å"Don’t overthink it, Nate. If you ever doubted that life was an adventure, it definitely is now.† â€Å"Right,† Nate said. â€Å"But before you ask me where I’d rather be, let me remind you that there’s a sphincter in the bottom of my sink.† â€Å"You haven’t seen the shower, then? Just you wait.† After he ate, Cal loaned him a copy of Treasure Island to read, but when Nate returned to his cabin, he could barely concentrate on the book at all. Funny what you learn about yourself in a short conversation. One, that he would rather have been accused of having sex with another species than with another male (even of another species). Interesting prejudice. Two, that he actually was grateful, not only to be alive, but grateful to be having completely new experiences every moment, even as a prisoner. Three, that learning was still a high, but he burned to share it with someone. And finally, that he was feeling a little jealous, a little less special, now that he knew that Emily 7 was having sex with all the male whaley boys on board. That fickle little slut. He dozed off with Robert Louis Stevenson on his chest and the sound of killer whales calling in the distance. Outside, the pod of twenty killer whales, most the sons or daughters of the matriarch female, were calling frantically to each other as they worried away at a huge bait ball of herring. Biologists had long speculated on the incredibly complex vocabulary of the killer whale, identifying specific linguistic groups that even  «spoke » the same dialect, but they had never been able to put meaning to the calls other than to identify them as â€Å"feeding,† â€Å"distress,† or  «social » noises. However, had they had the benefit of translation, this is what they would have heard: â€Å"Hey, Kevin, fish!† â€Å"Fish! I love fish!† â€Å"Look, Kevin, fish!† â€Å"Mmmm, fish.† â€Å"You, Kevin, take a run down that trench, fake left, go right, hit the bait ball, nothing but fish!† â€Å"Did someone say ‘fish’?† â€Å"Yeah, fish. Over here, Kevin.† â€Å"Mmmmm, fish.† And it went on like that. Actually, orcas aren’t quite as complex as scientists imagine. Most killer whales are just four tons of doofus dressed up like a police car. How to cite Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 23~25, Essay examples

Buddys Snack free essay sample

The case mention on 3 persons. The first person is Lynda Lewis is a very laborious employee of the company. She gets herself fully involved in the work and doesn’t hesitate in seeking advice. She is always cheerful and focuses on giving more than 100% output. The second person is Michael Benjamin is satisfied with the company he is working with. And the last person is Kyle Sherbo had shown tremendous performance in the last three years by being among the top salespersons in the company. He had a good rapport with Buddy Jr. and was helpful to Mark when he joined the business. Kyle possessed the quality of being promoted as sales manager. 2. Case study descriptions 2. 1 Buddy’s Snack Company Buddy’s Snack Company is a family-owned company located in the Rocky Mountains. Buddy Forest started the business in 1951 by selling homemade potato chips out of the back of his pickup truck. Now, Buddy’s is a $36 million snack-food company that is struggling to regain market share lost to Frito-Lay and other fierce competitors. In the early eighties, Buddy passed the business onto his son, Buddy Jr. , who is currently grooming his son, Mark, to succeed himself as head of the company. Six months ago, Mark joined Buddy’s Snack as a salesperson and after four months was quickly promoted to sales manager. Mark recently graduated from a local university with an M. B. A. in the marketing, and Buddy Jr. was hoping that Mark would be able to implement strategies that could help turn the company around. One of Mark’s initial strategies was to introduce a new sales performance management system. As part of this approach, any salesperson who receives a below average performance rating would be required to attend a mandatory coaching session with his or her supervisor. Mark Forest is hoping that these coaching sessions will motivate his employees to increase their sales. This case describes the reaction of three salespeople who have been required to attend a coaching session because of their low performance over the previous quarter. 2. 2 Lynda Lewis Lynda is a hard worker who takes pride in her work ethic. She has spent a lot of time reading the training material and learning selling techniques, viewing training videos on her own time, and accompanying top salespeople on their calls. Lynda has no problem asking for advice and doing whatever needs to be done to learn the business. Everyone agrees that Lynda has a cheery attitude and is a real team player, giving the company 150 percent at all times. It has been a tough quarter for Lynda due to the downturn in the economy, but she is doing her best to make sales for the company. Lynda doesn’t feel that failure to make quota during this past quarter is due to lack of effort, but just bad luck in the economy. She is hopeful that things will turn around in the next quarter Lynda is upset with Mark for having to attend the coaching session, because this is the first time in the three years that her sales quota has not been met. Although Lynda is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, she is concerned that the coaching sessions will be held on a Saturday. Doesn’t Mark realize that Lynda has to raise three boys by herself and that weekends are an important time for her family? Because Lynda is a dedicated employee she will somehow manage to rearrange the family schedule. Lynda is now very concerned about how her efforts are being perceived by Mark. After all, she exceeded the sales quota from the previous quarter yet had not received a â€Å"thank you† or â€Å"good job† for those efforts. The entire experience has left Lynda unmotivated and questioning her future with the company. 2. 3 Michael Benjamin Michael is happy to have his job at Buddy’s Snack Company, although he really doesn’t like sales work that much. Michael accepted this position because he felt that he wouldn’t have to work hard and would have a lot of free time during the day. Michael was sent to coaching mainly because his customer satisfaction reports were low; in fact, they were the lowest in the company. Michael tends to give canned presentations and does not listen closely to the customer’s needs. Consequently, Michael makes numerous errors in new sales orders, which delays shipments and loses business and goodwill for Buddy’s Snack Company. Michael doesn’t really care since most of his customers do not spend much money and he doesn’t think it is worth his while. There has been a recent change in the company commission structure. Instead of selling to the warehouse stores and possibly earning a high commission, Michael is now forced to sell to lower-volume convenience stores. In other words, he will have to sell twice as much product to earn the same amount of money. Michael does not think this change in commission is fair and feels that the coaching session will be a waste of time. He feels that the other members of the sales team are getting all of the good leads and that is why they are so successful. Michael doesn’t socialize with others in the office and attributes others’ success and promotions to â€Å"who they know† in the company rather than the fact that they are hard workers. He feels that no matter how much effort is put into the job, he will never adequately rewarded. 2. 4 Kyle Sherbo For three of the last five years Kyle was the number one salesperson in the division and had hopes of being promoted to sales manager. When Mark joined the company, Kyle worked closely with Buddy Jr. to help Mark learn all facets of the business. Kyle thought this close relationship with Buddy Jr. would assure his upcoming promotion to the coveted position of sales manager and was devastated to learn that Mark received the promotion that he thought was his During the past quarter, there was a noticeable change in Kyle’s worked habits. It had become commonplace for Kyle to be late for appointments, miss them entire entirely, or not return phone calls or follow up on leads. His sales performance declined dramatically, which resulted in a drastic loss of income. Although Kyle had been dedicated and fiercely loyal to Buddy Jr. and the company for many years, he is now looking for other employment. Buddy’s Snacks is located in a rural community, which leaves Kyle with limited job opportunities. He was, however, offered a position as a sales manager with a competing company in a larger town, but Kyle’s wife refuse to leave the area because of her strong family ties. Kyle is bitter and resentful of his current situation and now faces a mandatory coaching session that will be conducted by Mark. | | 3. Question and Answer 1. You have met three employees of Buddy’s Snacks. Explain how each employee’s situation relates to equity theory. 2. Explain the motivation of these three employees in terms of the expectancy theory of motivation. Lynda Lewis’s Case In Lynda’s case, she is upset with the reward that she get after her sales. She always uses all of her effort in every case but still, she doesn’t get as much reward as her expectation. According to the equity theory, Lynda’s feel under reward because even in the previous quarter that her sales met quota but she didn’t get any extoller from her boss. For the expectancy of motivation, Lynda has high in E-to-P expectancy and P-to-O expectancy. She put all of her effort in order to get a high performance also high performance will lead to high outcome. However, her outcome valances are low because of external factors likes bad economic etc. In order to motivate Lynda, the first thing is to give her some admire because she feel slight that her hard work doesn’t get any admiration. Mark may also can make she feel comfortable about her sales that didn’t met quota because of external factors. The second thing that Mark need is to make her schedule more flexible in order to give her a free time with her family during weekend. Michael Benjamin’s Case In Michael’s case, he is an easy going person. He has a low effort and performance of work. He chose this job because he thinks that he doesn’t need to work hard and he will has a lot of free time during day. However, after the change of a commission structure, he was forced to sell more than efore to get the same paid and he think this system is unfair. According to the equity theory, Michael feels’ that he was under reward but in our opinion, we think he is in situation that neither under-reward nor over-reward because sales is the job that get paid as much as the work. Michael doesn’t has a good performance at first before the company has change commission structure, when it change, he know that he need to do more work but he doesn’t want to. Michael has low in all E-to-P, P-to-O and the outcome valances Kyle Sherbo’s Case Kyle has been number one salesperson for many years. He was the person who works with Mark and Buddy Jr. when they work as a salesperson. He also has close relationship with them. He has aim to be sales manager for a long time so he was very upset when Mark got this position instead of him. His work habit change after that. He became lazy and lost effort of work. He also looking for the other company instead of Buddy’s Snack but the only reason that he still stay is because his wife doesn’t want to change place. According to equity theory, Kyle feel that he was under reward. He put much effort in order to become a sales manager but Mark got this position instead of him. By the Expectancy theory, Kyle also change very much. Before Mark becomes sales manager, his E-to-P and P-to-O are high and outcome valances is not as high as the other two. But after Mark becomes sales manager, Kyle’s E-to-P and P-to-O are low because he has lost his goal to other. He lost motivation to continue working with Buddy’s Snack and he feel that all that he has done are for nothing.

Buddys Snack free essay sample

The case mention on 3 persons. The first person is Lynda Lewis is a very laborious employee of the company. She gets herself fully involved in the work and doesn’t hesitate in seeking advice. She is always cheerful and focuses on giving more than 100% output. The second person is Michael Benjamin is satisfied with the company he is working with. And the last person is Kyle Sherbo had shown tremendous performance in the last three years by being among the top salespersons in the company. He had a good rapport with Buddy Jr. and was helpful to Mark when he joined the business. Kyle possessed the quality of being promoted as sales manager. 2. Case study descriptions 2. 1 Buddy’s Snack Company Buddy’s Snack Company is a family-owned company located in the Rocky Mountains. Buddy Forest started the business in 1951 by selling homemade potato chips out of the back of his pickup truck. Now, Buddy’s is a $36 million snack-food company that is struggling to regain market share lost to Frito-Lay and other fierce competitors. In the early eighties, Buddy passed the business onto his son, Buddy Jr. , who is currently grooming his son, Mark, to succeed himself as head of the company. Six months ago, Mark joined Buddy’s Snack as a salesperson and after four months was quickly promoted to sales manager. Mark recently graduated from a local university with an M. B. A. in the marketing, and Buddy Jr. was hoping that Mark would be able to implement strategies that could help turn the company around. One of Mark’s initial strategies was to introduce a new sales performance management system. As part of this approach, any salesperson who receives a below average performance rating would be required to attend a mandatory coaching session with his or her supervisor. Mark Forest is hoping that these coaching sessions will motivate his employees to increase their sales. This case describes the reaction of three salespeople who have been required to attend a coaching session because of their low performance over the previous quarter. 2. 2 Lynda Lewis Lynda is a hard worker who takes pride in her work ethic. She has spent a lot of time reading the training material and learning selling techniques, viewing training videos on her own time, and accompanying top salespeople on their calls. Lynda has no problem asking for advice and doing whatever needs to be done to learn the business. Everyone agrees that Lynda has a cheery attitude and is a real team player, giving the company 150 percent at all times. It has been a tough quarter for Lynda due to the downturn in the economy, but she is doing her best to make sales for the company. Lynda doesn’t feel that failure to make quota during this past quarter is due to lack of effort, but just bad luck in the economy. She is hopeful that things will turn around in the next quarter Lynda is upset with Mark for having to attend the coaching session, because this is the first time in the three years that her sales quota has not been met. Although Lynda is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, she is concerned that the coaching sessions will be held on a Saturday. Doesn’t Mark realize that Lynda has to raise three boys by herself and that weekends are an important time for her family? Because Lynda is a dedicated employee she will somehow manage to rearrange the family schedule. Lynda is now very concerned about how her efforts are being perceived by Mark. After all, she exceeded the sales quota from the previous quarter yet had not received a â€Å"thank you† or â€Å"good job† for those efforts. The entire experience has left Lynda unmotivated and questioning her future with the company. 2. 3 Michael Benjamin Michael is happy to have his job at Buddy’s Snack Company, although he really doesn’t like sales work that much. Michael accepted this position because he felt that he wouldn’t have to work hard and would have a lot of free time during the day. Michael was sent to coaching mainly because his customer satisfaction reports were low; in fact, they were the lowest in the company. Michael tends to give canned presentations and does not listen closely to the customer’s needs. Consequently, Michael makes numerous errors in new sales orders, which delays shipments and loses business and goodwill for Buddy’s Snack Company. Michael doesn’t really care since most of his customers do not spend much money and he doesn’t think it is worth his while. There has been a recent change in the company commission structure. Instead of selling to the warehouse stores and possibly earning a high commission, Michael is now forced to sell to lower-volume convenience stores. In other words, he will have to sell twice as much product to earn the same amount of money. Michael does not think this change in commission is fair and feels that the coaching session will be a waste of time. He feels that the other members of the sales team are getting all of the good leads and that is why they are so successful. Michael doesn’t socialize with others in the office and attributes others’ success and promotions to â€Å"who they know† in the company rather than the fact that they are hard workers. He feels that no matter how much effort is put into the job, he will never adequately rewarded. 2. 4 Kyle Sherbo For three of the last five years Kyle was the number one salesperson in the division and had hopes of being promoted to sales manager. When Mark joined the company, Kyle worked closely with Buddy Jr. to help Mark learn all facets of the business. Kyle thought this close relationship with Buddy Jr. would assure his upcoming promotion to the coveted position of sales manager and was devastated to learn that Mark received the promotion that he thought was his During the past quarter, there was a noticeable change in Kyle’s worked habits. It had become commonplace for Kyle to be late for appointments, miss them entire entirely, or not return phone calls or follow up on leads. His sales performance declined dramatically, which resulted in a drastic loss of income. Although Kyle had been dedicated and fiercely loyal to Buddy Jr. and the company for many years, he is now looking for other employment. Buddy’s Snacks is located in a rural community, which leaves Kyle with limited job opportunities. He was, however, offered a position as a sales manager with a competing company in a larger town, but Kyle’s wife refuse to leave the area because of her strong family ties. Kyle is bitter and resentful of his current situation and now faces a mandatory coaching session that will be conducted by Mark. | | 3. Question and Answer 1. You have met three employees of Buddy’s Snacks. Explain how each employee’s situation relates to equity theory. 2. Explain the motivation of these three employees in terms of the expectancy theory of motivation. Lynda Lewis’s Case In Lynda’s case, she is upset with the reward that she get after her sales. She always uses all of her effort in every case but still, she doesn’t get as much reward as her expectation. According to the equity theory, Lynda’s feel under reward because even in the previous quarter that her sales met quota but she didn’t get any extoller from her boss. For the expectancy of motivation, Lynda has high in E-to-P expectancy and P-to-O expectancy. She put all of her effort in order to get a high performance also high performance will lead to high outcome. However, her outcome valances are low because of external factors likes bad economic etc. In order to motivate Lynda, the first thing is to give her some admire because she feel slight that her hard work doesn’t get any admiration. Mark may also can make she feel comfortable about her sales that didn’t met quota because of external factors. The second thing that Mark need is to make her schedule more flexible in order to give her a free time with her family during weekend. Michael Benjamin’s Case In Michael’s case, he is an easy going person. He has a low effort and performance of work. He chose this job because he thinks that he doesn’t need to work hard and he will has a lot of free time during day. However, after the change of a commission structure, he was forced to sell more than efore to get the same paid and he think this system is unfair. According to the equity theory, Michael feels’ that he was under reward but in our opinion, we think he is in situation that neither under-reward nor over-reward because sales is the job that get paid as much as the work. Michael doesn’t has a good performance at first before the company has change commission structure, when it change, he know that he need to do more work but he doesn’t want to. Michael has low in all E-to-P, P-to-O and the outcome valances Kyle Sherbo’s Case Kyle has been number one salesperson for many years. He was the person who works with Mark and Buddy Jr. when they work as a salesperson. He also has close relationship with them. He has aim to be sales manager for a long time so he was very upset when Mark got this position instead of him. His work habit change after that. He became lazy and lost effort of work. He also looking for the other company instead of Buddy’s Snack but the only reason that he still stay is because his wife doesn’t want to change place. According to equity theory, Kyle feel that he was under reward. He put much effort in order to become a sales manager but Mark got this position instead of him. By the Expectancy theory, Kyle also change very much. Before Mark becomes sales manager, his E-to-P and P-to-O are high and outcome valances is not as high as the other two. But after Mark becomes sales manager, Kyle’s E-to-P and P-to-O are low because he has lost his goal to other. He lost motivation to continue working with Buddy’s Snack and he feel that all that he has done are for nothing.

Art Deco architecture in New York City during the 1920s essays

Art Deco architecture in New York City during the 1920s essays "As Americans we pride ourselves on being the strongest, the biggest, the fastest, the best, and in a simple word- the skyscraper" (Art Deco I-II, 21-11-02) Art Deco Architecture in New York City Skyscrapers of the 1920s Society almost always chooses to represent social changes in the art of the time. Usually this art comes before the change has chosen to show itself in the minds of the general public. This pattern had continued throughout history until the 20th century when such a great change occurred, it not only wiped out the ideas of the former time, but also the art. This change was opposite to the normal art first and then changes pattern. Instead, the public chose to change and forced art to come along for the ride. By 1920, the USA, and especially New York City, had changed greatly from the quiet Victorian 1899. New York was growing, not in land, but in spirit. The competitive nature of the New York City skyline was directly influenced by the mind set of victory after WWI, technological advancements, and a rising economy producing a more accepting range of ideas leading to Art Deco architecture in the 1920s. Prior to 1914, and the beginning of American involvement in WWI, there was only one style of architecture that leaned towards the past and recalled renaissance, gothic, or ancient styles of European history. Europe held total control of the worlds styles in architecture and everything built in New York City during this time was and had to be this controlled European style. No one dared change from the past and the ones who did were forced to redesign their buildings in order to get commissions. This styles prominence continued into the first two decades of the 20th century until the Allied victory of WWI when everything changed in America (Risebero, 212). Even with the controlled European architecture regulating the thoughts and ideas of architects, a competitive nature was developing i...

Free Essays on African Cake

â€Å"A Berlin Conference was able to tear Africa into shreds and divide her up between three or four imperial flags† -Fanon. In 1884, European imperialists met at the Berlin Conference to â€Å"carve the African cake†. These imperialists had an agenda to not only lay the boundaries and rules for the occupation of the African â€Å"motherland†, but to also bring civilization to the African natives. This great African cake, as it is metaphorically described, was a delightful taste in the mouths of the colonizer. The â€Å"cakeâ€Å", with its abundance of natural resources and raw materials, was decisively cut and partitioned to various European nations. The diplomats drew lines on maps relinquishing foreign lands, mountains, and rivers to one another. The plan was for the colonizers to rule these designated areas as if there were no inhabitants, with no respect for the claims and rights of the native Africans. â€Å"The magnificent African cake† is a documentary about the colonization of the African continent. Despite the dry, monotonous tone of the narrator, the film has a very informative nature and is detailed in its presentation of information. One of the main themes of this cinema is the relationship between that of the colonizer and the colonized. Although there were varying ideals on how a white man should deal with the natives, it was largely a history of harsh oppression. From outright murder and enslavement to unfair economic taxation and exploitative labor situations, the Europeans worked diligently to destroy the spirit of the African peoples. The inhumane and sadistic treatment towards the native people could only be justified by Europeans perceiving Africans as lazy, barbaric savages, who required an oppressor to â€Å"civilize† them. From this massive attempt to destroy the African spirit sprung various reactionary/revolutionary responses from Black A frica. One example is the many Africans turning towards Islam in... Free Essays on African Cake Free Essays on African Cake â€Å"A Berlin Conference was able to tear Africa into shreds and divide her up between three or four imperial flags† -Fanon. In 1884, European imperialists met at the Berlin Conference to â€Å"carve the African cake†. These imperialists had an agenda to not only lay the boundaries and rules for the occupation of the African â€Å"motherland†, but to also bring civilization to the African natives. This great African cake, as it is metaphorically described, was a delightful taste in the mouths of the colonizer. The â€Å"cakeâ€Å", with its abundance of natural resources and raw materials, was decisively cut and partitioned to various European nations. The diplomats drew lines on maps relinquishing foreign lands, mountains, and rivers to one another. The plan was for the colonizers to rule these designated areas as if there were no inhabitants, with no respect for the claims and rights of the native Africans. â€Å"The magnificent African cake† is a documentary about the colonization of the African continent. Despite the dry, monotonous tone of the narrator, the film has a very informative nature and is detailed in its presentation of information. One of the main themes of this cinema is the relationship between that of the colonizer and the colonized. Although there were varying ideals on how a white man should deal with the natives, it was largely a history of harsh oppression. From outright murder and enslavement to unfair economic taxation and exploitative labor situations, the Europeans worked diligently to destroy the spirit of the African peoples. The inhumane and sadistic treatment towards the native people could only be justified by Europeans perceiving Africans as lazy, barbaric savages, who required an oppressor to â€Å"civilize† them. From this massive attempt to destroy the African spirit sprung various reactionary/revolutionary responses from Black A frica. One example is the many Africans turning towards Islam in...

Women's role compared to men's role within the white supremacy groups Essay

Women's role compared to men's role within the white supremacy groups (KKK) - Essay Example The  WKKK  (Womens Ku Klux Klan)  represented an organization belonging to Ku Klux Klan. At the same time as the activity of most female representatives is concentrated on the ethical, public, and pedagogic program of the organization, they also took active part in activity connected with color of the skin, sex, and religious conviction. The activity of women in Ku Klux Klan was different in different periods of Klan’s existence. In the given paper we will analyze each period and make a conclusion about the evolution of women’s activity in Ku Klux Klan. The first period lasted from 1860 to 1870. During this period KKK women were not treated as real acting members of the Klan, they served as a representation of ethnic and sexual superiority defended by the male members.   Women helped men by preparing special clothes. The main goal of the first Ku Klux Klan organizations was to protect their white-skinned mothers, sisters and wives. Blacked-skinned women were despised and often raped by male members of the Klan (Mecklin, 1963). In 1920s the women’s role was very active. The Womens Ku Klux Klan could be found in almost every state of the country, however, its main positions were in Arkansas and Pennsylvania (Blee, 1991). Women with white skin, who was born in the United States with Protestant belief, could become members of WKKK.  The agenda of WKKK was different from that in men’s Klan as their methods were typically more peaceful (Rice, 1962). During the third period of the Klan’s existence that lasted from 1960 to 1970 women’s role was also not very important. The members of Ku Klux Klan were mostly man from South villages, who were not rich of well-educated. Their violent activity was concentrated on the oppression of African Americans. Women were not a symbol of the Klan any more because they simply did not enter it. The fourth period started in 1980 and

Global investment house ksc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Global investment house ksc - Assignment Example The income statement on the other hand focuses on the period, usually 12 months within which the accounts were prepared. However, the information about what happened in the past years and the asset and liability position does not provide all the needs of all the users of the financial statements. There is the need for some further information and guidelines that provides hints to users of financial statements and other interested stakeholders. One of the main areas that is of great importance is a prediction of the survivability of the business into the foreseeable future. This is known in general as the â€Å"Going Concern† convention. In the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), there is a standard that ensures that going concern is reported in the financial statement. IAS 1 requires that financial statements a disclose the Going Concern status of the entity in a given period. This provides a standardized basis for a universal approach to reporting going concer n that can aid comparability on a year-by-year basis as well as a company-to-company basis. Research Problem Clearly, Going Concern reporting as stipulated by IAS 1 seeks to ensure that financial statements reflect the survivability of the entity the report is prepared about. ... Aims and Objectives of Study The aim of the research is to undertake a critical review of the concept of Going Concern and how it is attained in Financial Reporting. In order to attain this end, the following objectives will be explored: 1. A critical review literature review of the Accounting concept of Going Concern; 2. An examination of the effectiveness of Going Concern reporting in businesses; 3. A practical evaluation of Going Concern reporting in a Kuwaiti entity 4. An analysis of a financial report of a Kuwaiti entity to ascertain the Going Concern reporting procedures. Going Concern Convention â€Å"The going concern postulate or continuity postulation, holds that business entity will continue its operations long enough to realize its projects, commitments and ongoing activities† (Riahi, 2010 p212). Going concern is therefore a convention which indicates that a business will continue to remain operational and pay its bills and remain liquid into the future. â€Å"Goi ng concern is not only about the net book value of a firm's assets, but also such elements like goodwill and likely future profitability, assuming the existing management remain in control of the entity† (Brower and Brueschke, 2012). This means that going concern is evaluated and analyzed by the examination of the firm's assets as well as other indicators of continuous operations. Thus, it will involve the hard and soft elements of an entity including the assets and other intangibles like going concern which provides clues on how a firm will remain operational even if the company is assured of getting customers to remain liquid. Another angle through which a business' going concern can be evaluated is â€Å"...the amount of

Health Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health - Article Example Further complications associated with diabetes include kidney disease, blindness, and the threat of amputations. This health concern currently affects about 16 million people in the United States with an estimated five million of those unaware of their condition. African Americans face heightened risks of contracting diabetes. Although about 33 percent of people with the illness are unaware of their condition, nearly three million or almost 12 percent of the African American population over 20 years of age suffer with symptoms of diabetes.   Because of this, African Americans have been identified as being at greater risk than those of Anglo descent to suffer macro-vascular problems such as strokes and heart disease. â€Å"African Americans are 1.6 times more likely to have diabetes than non-Latino whites. Twenty-five percent of African Americans between the ages of 65 and 74 have diabetes† (American Diabetes Association, 2006). The immune system, the environment and genetics are factors that influence Type One diabetes but the risk factors are more clearly defined for Type Two diabetes. These include obesity, physical inactivity, elderly people, family history of diabetes, a past history of gestational diabetes and those with a weakened tolerance for glucose. Ethnicity is another risk factor. â⠂¬Å"African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and some Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are at particularly high risk for Type Two diabetes† (American Diabetes Association, 2006). Despite the biological impediments that cannot be altered, African Americans can take measures to combat this genetic predisposition. Those African American diabetics who are overweight when they begin the nutritional program may require more initial calories until their weight drops to a more normal level. The reasoning is that too rapid of a weight

Characteristics and Features of CSS

Characteristics and Features of CSS Assignment 1: P1/m1 Introduction CSS was introduced in 1996. It was created to stop people from having to repeat a lot of code. For example, if someone wanted to change the paragraph text, they would have to do it every single time they wanted to change the properties. CSS has since become more adapted to having more features, for example you can now use the # and change the background to a massive array of colours. What is CSS CSS is a formatting language used to add styling to your page. This is done by having the CSS document linked into your html page. This page then has selectors and properties which affect the tags inside your html document. Characteristics of CSS CSS is written in the following this rule: selector {property: value;} an example of this would be: This would be used to change the full page to a grey colour. As you can see, the body is the selector, the rule is the background colour and the value is the colouring. The order of operations is how the page is read and ordering the methods of formatting into importance. The order goes as follows: HTML, Inline, Internal then external. How do we use CSS: Three ways of HTML accessing CSS Inline An inline style sheet only affects the tag it is in. This means that you can change small details of the page without changing everything on every single page. This is good because if you had an external style sheet/internal with everything in it. You would have to make a new tag just to change that one detail. Inline overrules external which means you can change small details. After HTML, inline is next on the order of operations. This means that it overrules internal/external. This is an example of the background colour being orange on a webpage: As you can see, the background colour is set to orange. And this would be a standard for every page with the style sheet attached. However, if you go to the body tag in html and add this line of code a line of code that would look like this: I would then change the colour of the background regardless of the background colour set by the external style sheet/internal. Another example of this being used would be with font styles. You would for an external style sheet put a P value followed by the attributes like this: and this would-be outcome: However, if I wanted to have a green text on one single piece of paragraph text you would then use inline styling. You would put something like this: and this would change the colour of what the external styesheet had set it to. This is good because if you again had a lot of paragraph text but you needed this to be slightly different for example you wanted the size to be a little bit smaller you would then have to create a whole new tag. This way you can change a few properties and only on that one tag. You would use internal when you only want to add a small change to a single tag. This is because inline only affects the one tag it is inside. You would not use inline when you either want to affect the full page or the full website because you would have to copy the code over and over again. Internal Internal styling takes place in the head of the html document. This means that if you are customising the page, you can see everything from scrolling. The internal styling is placed in a and a inside the tags. For this example, I am going to show you 4 different headings I created through internal. I will now show you the outcome and the text inside the body. This looks simple, neat and organised because it is. Unlike inline, the styling and the tag is separate. This means that you arent as confused by the styling as you might be if it was inline. Both internal and external are superior for this reason. I will now she you all the styling I used to get the outcome that you previously saw: As you can see, I can add a family of fonts. This means that if one font is not supported on a users computer they will see a different alternative font. I added a text-align because if I wanted to add these tags inside a shape they would stick to the right of those shapes. Font size is just formatting how big I want the text to be in opposed to how big it would default to if I left it with the html style. An advantage to internal styling is the fact that it overrules external in the order of operations. This means that if you had one stylesheet linked to all of your pages but you wanted a few small changes you wouldnt have to make a new stylesheet instead you can just change it in the head tag. A disadvantage would be that internal is under inline so if you have accidentally forgotten to remove a piece of inline code you dont want inside it you might miss it and have to go all the way through the document just to find what you are missing. You would use internal possibly as a backup. For instance, if the external stylesheet doesnt download properly and crash you would still see the website like normal because it would then turn to internal for the whole stylesheet. You would use inline when you want to make changes to the whole page but not every single page, like changing the font size of headings. You wouldnt use internal when you already have an external stylesheet set up normally because it simply isnt needed. Only as a backup. External External stylesheets allow someone to format their webpage (much like internal) but on a separate document. This means that you can have 2 or more workplaces (as you can link more than one stylesheet into your document) giving you a much cleaner workspace. This would be a massive advantage due to the fact that the stylesheet is easily accessable. However, it is a disadvantage because any change you make to the external stylesheet affects any html document that is linked to it.The stylesheet you attach would be a CSS document that you would use to format tags in. In terms of the order of operation, External is last. Putting the order to: HTML, Inline, Internal and then External. This is both a positive and a negative. It is a positive because you could have something like a background image like this: Which would set the background to: (and for reference if you zoomed out, it would tile) This could then be linked to every page and would set the background image to that. But if you wanted the background to be something else, a different image, you could use inline styling on the body tag to change it to that image. However, it could be called a negative because if you are altering someone elses website and you wanted to use external, they may have inline which would mean you had to go through each line of code to check. Some websites have over 900 on just the HTML page. You would use external when you want to make a stylesheet that will run on every single page (or a number of pages) because instead of having a long list of lines of code clogging up your HTML page, you would only have to deal with 1 line which would be the link to the page. You wouldnt use external if you only have 1 page because it would be impractical to have 2 pages when only 1 will be visible. (it would be more efficient to just use internal) Linking a stylesheet A fully linked stylesheet looks like this: Href: This is the path to the stylesheet. As you can see mine just says main.css which means that I dont need to go anywhere other than the file. Main equals filename and CSS is the document type. If for example you had to go back in the path. Before the file name, there would be a ../ This would look like this: And if you had to go forward in the path, you would see a /foldername then the file name. Type/rel This is done just to tell older browsers/mini browsers the actual document name because it tells them the document name. P2: Box Model What is it? A box model is something that allows a web designer/developer to create a layout to the page. This is high in accuracy due to the fact that you can edit right left up and down pixel by pixel. You also have options between margin and padding. Why do we use it? You would use this model to apply accurate spacing on your objects inside the webpage. You are also then able to work out how much space has been used and gives you an option for borders. How do we use it? An example of when you would use a box model would be when adding in a shape. As you can see here, you would add styling to a div tag like you can see here. This would set the size for it but not add anything to do with the box model. This means that if you added another box, they would be directly touching. Like this. To fix this you would want to add a margin-bottom like this: The issue would then be fixed and there will be a 10px gap between the two objects. Content: Content is the actual image or the text. The content is the centre of the box model and is what it is created to serve. This is because without the content there would be no need to have any spacing or any borders because there would be no item for it to be based on. Padding: Padding is the distance between the content and the border. This is to add inside space and make your spacing more accurate than just using margin which is the outside. An example of padding would be: In this example, I show the use of one number in padding. This means it affects the padding of up, down, left, right. I could use 4 numbers which would affect up, down then left right like this: This is good because it allows a lot of choice which is very precise. Border: The border is the outline after the padding. Without padding, the border would take place around the content. It would look like this: And the code will look like this: However, to move the border location you would need to add padding. This is due to the fact that padding is inside between the content and the border. If you wanted it to move further outside, you would need to add this line of code in: This makes the outcome look like this: You are also able to change the border style, currently I have the double border style but that can easily be changed my altering the value. For example I could set it to dashed like this: With the outcome of this I will now show 4 more examples of using borders. This is just a standard border with the colour defaulting to black. The margin is used to add a space between the bottom of each box. This adds a dashed border instead of the solid style and I have changed the colour to red. This has a bored style of dotted and the colour is set to green The border is the ending to the content area. You can set this to be 0 px which would make the border invisible to someone viewing it. You also have the option to choose things like Margin: Margins are used to add outside spacing after the border between objects. This is effective because it means that you are able to have some space before the next starts. Without margin you wouldnt be able to create a spaced website that has borders because the borders would always be touching and padding would be on the outside. An example of margin would be this: This shows spacing at the bottom without them touching. Without the margin, they would be touching which would look clunky and wouldnt look professionally made at all. This is what it would look like without the margin being added:

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Writing this commencement speech for you tonight was hands-down one of the most stressful things I have ever done. For days, I toiled over what to speak about, worried that as you sat there anxious to graduate I would bore you, or say the wrong thing. I tried to write a witty and funny speech designed to entertain you, but a lack of ability ultimately forced me to give up. This speech is the culmination of hours of brainstorming, three rejected rough drafts, editing galore, and finally me just putting my heart and soul on paper. It, as practically all commencement speeches do, contains all the expected words of praise and well wishing. It does not say anything that has not been said in the past, or that will not be said in the future, save this: We, Billwood High School's Class of 2006 will never die. Our class is like a classic movie. Just as the force will always be with Luke, and just as Maverick and the Ice Man will always be our heroes, this class of 2006 will always exist. As an actual group of people, of course, we will go our separate ways. Even the members of the Breakfas...

Commedia Del’Arte Essay

Columbina is the perky maid of the ‘Old Man’, Pantalone. She is better dressed than the male servants as she is also a lady’s maid. She usually wears a knee length dress and an apron. The colouring of her clothes can be different in different acts, depending on her relationships with the characters and the scenario. She can be in a similar scheme to Arlecchino (where she is sometimes known as Arlecchina with similar diamonds and triangles), or if she is assigned to a rival family of Arlecchino’s, she can be in that scheme. In cases where she is an independent character, she can be in blacks and whites in the spirit of a French Maid. Columbina does not usually wear a mask but sometimes wears one covering only her eyes. Her signature props are a tambourine and a basket. Her physical appearance is attractive, perky and petite with a tiny waist, wide hips and lots of cleavage. She walks as if she is skipping on air with a little flick of the foot at the end of each step. All her posses are usually seductive and accentuate her cleavage. Her movement continues during speaking, shifting balance from one foot to the other and moving her head sharply as if searching for someone other than the person being addressed. She’s fast and nimble in order to escape unwanted attentions or to butt in, and can escape from a situation. She is happy and carefree, yet when assigned a task moves with speed and efficiency. This is one of her strongest traits in being a good servant. Her speech is sharp and gossipy with frequent variations of pitch. She Loves Arlecchino, but sees through him. She therefore scolds him, punishes him, deserts him, takes him back, but in the end he does not change and she has to accept him for what he is, which is still more lovable than Il Dottore, Pantalone and Il Capitano. She can be very affectionate to other characters as well, and her affections seem to flow through her physically, but she always holds something back. As a result she is pestered by other men, especially Il Capitano and Pantalone. She is always ready to help the Lovers, perhaps through natural sympathy with their plight. She is a spectator herself. She has a very strong relationship with the audience, almost confidential in the sense that she too can see what fools the rest of them are. She also often flirts with the spectators. She appears almost if not before her name is called, always being on step ahead of her master and finishes sentences for her master too, which she sometimes uses in her favour. When a situation gets out of control, she becomes the dominant voice to put everyone and everything back in its place. She even beats the male characters in strength and intelligence, sometimes even her master. ISABELLA Isabella is the daughter of Pantalone, the old man. Because of her fathers status she had the newest fashion, and usually showed off her wardrobe, wigs and shoes often. She wore stunning silk dresses, often in antique Renaissance style with necklaces of gold and pearls. She is young and attractive and modest but at times can be selfish. Isabella did not usually wear a mask but did sometimes wear a small mask that covered only her eyes. Her signature props are a handkerchief, book and a fan. She has a lack of firm contact with the earth. Her chest and heart appear heavy. They are full of breath, but then take little pants on top. Her posture is correct and tall and is always very proud. Her walk is small as her steps are little. Isabella’s posses are of an innocent and happy nature; leaning to one side with one leg pointed outwards, and hands in praying position touching cheek as if sleeping. Another is the back of her hand on her forehead, tilted back as if in agony as well as her chin resting on hands laying on top of each other or fingers interlocked and the head slightly tilted. Her movements are exaggerated, especially her hands and arms, which are like  feathers flapping in the wind. She often manipulates her hankie and frequently looks in a hand mirror. Any imperfection can spell disaster. Her speech is refined, however lacking pretentiousness and is never lost for the correct phrase. The lovers are in love with themselves being in love. They love each other, but are more preoccupied with being seen as lovers. They often feign mild hatred. She is extremely aware of being watched and plays with the audience for sympathy in their plight and ccasionally flirts with spectators. She is flirtatious, headstrong, has dramatic intensity and feigned madness due to passionate love and can be prudish. She can be hot and cold. i.e. prone to mood swings and is a tease with an independent will. She is vain, petulant, spoilt, full of doubt and have very little patience. She has a masochistic enjoyment of enforced separation because it enables her to dramatize their situation, lament, moan, send messages, etc. When her and Lelio do meet they are almost always tongue-tied and need interpreters who proceed to misinterpret their statements, either through stupidity (Zanni), malicious desire for revenge (Brighella) or calculated self-interest (Columbina). Isabella’s attention span is short like a young child’s and her fear that she might be a nobody keeps her hyper-animated. ARLECCHINO Arlecchino has an enduring magical power, a testimony perhaps to the mystery of it origin. He is a servant and jester, usually to Pantalone, but also frequently Il’Capitano, or Il’ Dottore. He wears a tight-fitting long jacket and trousers, sewn over with random, odd-shapen patches of green, yellow, red and brown – possibly remnants of leaves†¦ The jacket is laced down the front with a thong and caught by a black belt worn very low on the hips. The shoes are flat and black. He wears a beret, or later a malleable felt hat with a narrow brim, with a feather or tail of a fox, apparently this was a sign of the wearer being a butt of ridicule. Coloured in deep earth tones with warm coloured diamond shaped patches, Arlecchino is always ready to spring into action in a clumsy yet graceful manner. He is ragged, yet sleek. His wears a mask that gives him a low forehead with a wart and has small round eyes. Arlecchino’s signature props included his batocchio, meaning in Italian ‘ clapper inside the bell,’ which he always carries. He is continuously in a lowered position, with his hands on his hips with his thumbs in his belt. He walks in sly and comical way by taking a couple steps followed by a quick tip toe. This walk shows alacrity; he also uses it to show off in front of Columbina. His joints are often loose and floppy. When Arlecchino spots someone, the mask moves first; he then hops round and into the gesture of greeting. He is physically quick and slow mentally, in contrast with Brighella (who can, however, be fast physically when he needs to be). His gestures extend to the fingertips with each digit having a separate articulation. His speech is guttural and hoarse from street hawking and the are no pauses or silences for the sake of effect – he either speaks continuously or doesn’t speak at all. Arlecchino is in love with Columbina, but his sexual appetite is immediate in terms of any passing woman. He is occasionally aware the audience is there and can make asides during which he gives his full attention to the spectators before returning to complete absorption in the action. His character is a mixture of ignorance, naivete, wit, stupidity and grace. He is both a rake and an overgrown boy with occasional gleams of intelligence, and his mistakes and clumsiness often have wayward charm. His acting is patterned on the lithe, agile grace of a young cat, and he has a superficial coarseness which makes his performances all the more amusing. He plays the role of a faithful valet, always patient, credulous, and greedy. He is enternally amorous, and is constantly in difficulties either on his own or on his master’s account. He is hurt and confronted in turn as easily as a child, and his grief is almost as comic as his joy. Lelio Lelio is one of the lovers (Isabella’s partner) and is usually the son of Il Dottore or has no relations. He is high in stature, but is usually brought low by the hopelessness of his infatuation. He wears the latest fashion, which at that time was to be dresses as a young soldier or cadet. Sometimes he dressed in an over fashionable colour scheme that was very feminine with a great deal of flair. Lelio is young, attractive, modest, courteous and gallant. He occasionally wears a mask that covers only his eyes but often went unmasked. His signature prop is a handkerchief. His feet have a lack of firm contact with the earth, making his stance and walk air like. His chest and heart appear heavy and full of breath. His legs are usually tightly together, with only one foot firmly planted on the ground, and the other crawling upward like he has to go to the loo. He does not walk as much as tweeter, due to the instability of his base. First the head leans the other way to the body sway. Then the arms have to be used, one above the other, as a counterweight like and off balance tip toe. His pose can be anything that might look Vogue and whenever he is sitting, his legs are crossed in a feminine matter. Lelio’s movements are well-to-do but ridiculously exaggerated. His movement comes at the point of overbalance, leading to a sideways rush towards a new focus, with his arms left trailing behind. When stopping at the new point (usually the beloved or some token thereof) before almost touching it. The Lovers (he and Isabella) have little or no physical contact. When there is any, the minimum has maximum effect. Lelio is often holding a handkerchief or flower, etc. in his leading hand. His arms never make identical shapes and because of his vanity, he  frequently looks in a hand mirror, only to become upset by any minor imperfection that is discovered. He is always looking to see if a ribbon or sequin is out of place. A button found on the floor or a blemish in the coiffure equals disaster. His speech makes great display of courtly words and baroque metaphors, also knowing large extracts of poems by heart. He speaks softly in musical sentences which are often flamboyant, hyperbolical and full of amorous rhetoric. When it comes to women, his words are the only thing that shows that he might have any interest. His body language, actions, tone, all contradict any infatuation he may have with a female. The only reason why he would express an interest in a female is because he loves the idea of love. However he seems genuinely more in love with himself and other male characters before he is in love with a woman. He relate exclusively to himself – he is in love with himself being in love. The last person he actually relates to in the course of the action is often Isabella. When he and she do meet they have great difficulty in communicating with each other (usually because of the nerves). And they relate to their servants only in terms of pleading for help. The Lovers love each other, yet are more preoccupied with being seen as lovers, undergoing all the hardships of being in such a plight, than with actual fulfilment. Consequently they frequently scorn each other and feign mild hatred; they rebut, despair, reconcile, but eventually end up marrying in the way of true love when the game is up and they know they cannot play any more. Lelio is extremely aware of being watched. He plays with the audience for sympathy in their plight and occasionally flirts with spectators. Lelio is indispensable. Without him and his inability to resolve problems with Isabella, there would be no struggle between the ineffectuality of youth and the implacability of age. The lovers are never alone on stage –  they always have someone with them or spying on them.